Gynecology

Obstetrics and Gynecology

A gynecological examination is recommended to take place annually or at least every two years because early treatment of various gynecological problems reduces the risk of future complications and prevents the development of chronic diseases.

One of the most common and affordable gynecological test is the Pap smear. This type of screening, by analyzing a sample of the cervix cells, checks for cancer of the cervix or any cervical abnormalities that might lead to cancer. As a rule, a Pap test should be performed regularly, based on the age of the patient and their previous results, to enable the early discovery of cervical cancer.

Cervical biopsy is ordered after abnormal cells have been found in the cervix during a pelvic exam or Pap smear.This procedure is used as a diagnostic tool to determine the exact nature of the cell abnormality. Modern techniques do not require the dilatation of the cervix and are painless.

The HPV test is conducted to detect the presence of HPV infection and to determine the HPV genotype present in the body.

Intrauterine insemination (IUI) is an assisted-reproduction procedure that entails the artificial introduction of the sperm (prepared in advance) directly into the uterus. This procedure involves monitoring of the ovulation cycle and fertility treatments.

The main categories of infertility cases that respond well to IUI are:
-infertility due to the low amount of sperm concentration
-poor transit of the active sperm in the woman’s upper genital tract
-the presence of a barrier in the woman’s upper genital tract
– endometriosis-related infertility

Gynecologic ultrasonography is a non-invasive and painless procedure, it is performed by conducting a transabdominal or a transvaginal ultrasound and it enables quick access to valuable information on the health of women’s genital system.
Gynecologic ultrasonography is recommended to assess the causes of pelvic pain, menstrual cycle disturbances, infertility, Pelvic Inflammatory Disease symptoms and to evaluate the state of an IUD, the health of the endometrium, postmenopausal bleeding and many other gynecological disorders.

Obstetric ultrasonography is a rapid and safe procedure that allows the obtaining of accurate medical data about the development of the baby and the health of the mother’s pelvic organs. It should be conducted in every trimester of pregnancy.

Obstetrical sonography in the 1st trimester of pregnancy can also be performed transvaginally, especially when the information obtained with an abdominal ultrasound is insufficient. These are some of the information obtained in the 1st trimester:
-the position of the gestational sac
-the presence or absence of embryo’s viability signs
-the number of embryos
-the state of the uterus

A pregnancy ultrasound may be done in the 2nd and 3rd trimester to:
-asses fetal viability and health
– confirm the number of babies
-study the placenta and amniotic fluid levels
-determine the baby’s gestational age
-evaluate baby’s physical characteristics
-study the mother’s uterus